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environmental exposure-induced spermatozoal small noncoding RNA alteration meditates the intergenerational epigeneticinheritance of multiple diseases

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 176-184 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0885-y

摘要： Studies of human and mammalian have revealed that environmental exposure can affect paternal health conditions as well as those of the offspring. However, studies that explore the mechanisms that meditate this transmission are rare. Recently, small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in sperm have seemed crucial to this transmission due to their alteration in sperm in response to environmental exposure, and the methodology of microinjection of isolated total RNA or sncRNAs or synthetically identified sncRNAs gradually lifted the veil of sncRNA regulation during intergenerational inheritance along the male line. Hence, by reviewing relevant literature, this study intends to answer the following research concepts: (1) paternal environmental factors that can be passed on to offspring and are attributed to spermatozoal sncRNAs, (2) potential role of paternal spermatozoal sncRNAs during the intergenerational inheritance process, and (3) the potential mechanism by which spermatozoal sncRNAs meditate intergenerational inheritance. In summary, increased attention highlights the hidden wonder of spermatozoal sncRNAs during intergenerational inheritance. Therefore, in the future, more studies should focus on the origin of RNA alteration, the target of RNA regulation, and how sncRNA regulation during embryonic development can be sustained even in adult offspring.

关键词： small noncoding RNAs epigenetic inheritance paternal intergenerational inherence extracellular vesicles

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RECENT ADVANCES IN THE REGULATION OF CLIMACTERIC FRUIT RIPENING: HORMONE, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AND EPIGENETIC

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第2期

摘要：

Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process made up of genetically programmed physiological and biochemical activities. It culminates in desirable changes in the structural and textural properties and is governed by a complex regulatory network. Much is known about ethylene, one of the most important metabolites promoting the ripening of climacteric fruits. However, the dynamic interplay between phytohormones also plays an important part. Additional regulatory factors such as transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic modifications also play vital role in the regulation of climacteric fruit ripening. Here, we review and evaluate the complex regulatory network comprising interactions between hormones and the action of TFs and epigenetic modifications during climacteric fruit ripening.

关键词： climacteric fruit ripening / phytohormones / TFs / epigenetic modifications

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RECENT ADVANCES IN THE REGULATION OF CLIMACTERIC FRUIT RIPENING: HORMONE, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AND EPIGENETIC

Yinglin JI, Mingyang XU, Aide WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》页码 314-334 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021386

摘要： Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process made up of genetically programmed physiological and biochemical activities. It culminates in desirable changes in the structural and textural properties and is governed by a complex regulatory network. Much is known about ethylene, one of the most important metabolites promoting the ripening of climacteric fruits. However, the dynamic interplay between phytohormones also plays an important part. Additional regulatory factors such as transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic modifications also play vital role in the regulation of climacteric fruit ripening. Here, we review and evaluate the complex regulatory network comprising interactions between hormones and the action of TFs and epigenetic modifications during climacteric fruit ripening.

关键词： climacteric fruit ripening phytohormones TFs epigenetic modifications

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The value of epigenetic markers in esophageal cancer

Xiao-Mei ZHANG, Ming-Zhou GUO,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 378-384 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0230-3

摘要： Developing esophageal cancer is a multi-step process that begins with the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations, and leads to the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation or loss of tumor suppressor genes (TSG). In addition to genetic alteration, epigenetic modifications, and in particular DNA methylation, are recognized as a common molecular alteration in human tumors. In esophageal cancer, aberrant methylation of promoter regions occurs not only in advanced cancer, but also in premalignant lesions. DNA methylation is related to survival time and sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy. This review is mainly focused on epigenetic changes in esophageal cancer and the value of early detection for patient prognosis, treatment choices, and potential targeting therapy.

关键词： epigenetics DNA methylation esophageal cancer dysplasia

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Experience inheritance from famous specialists based on real-world clinical research paradigm of traditional

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 300-309 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0357-8

摘要：

The current modes of experience inheritance from famous specialists in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) include master and disciple, literature review, clinical-epidemiology-based clinical research observation, and analysis and data mining via computer and database technologies. Each mode has its advantages and disadvantages. However, a scientific and instructive experience inheritance mode has not been developed. The advent of the big data era as well as the formation and practice accumulation of the TCM clinical research paradigm in the real world have provided new perspectives, techniques, and methods for inheriting experience from famous TCM specialists. Through continuous exploration and practice, the research group proposes the innovation research mode based on the real-world TCM clinical research paradigm, which involves the inheritance and innovation of the existing modes. This mode is formulated in line with its own development regularity of TCM and is expected to become the main mode of experience inheritance in the clinical field.

关键词： traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) real world clinical research paradigm famous specialist experience inheritance

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Inheritance and Innovation of Engineering Management Informatization

Kai Sun,Ren-huai Liu

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 76-82 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014014

摘要： In the life-cycle of large projects, the operational phase lasts the longest, costs the most and substantially benefits the project. During the whole phase, energy, material and human resources may cost a lot. Effective control of such costs is one of the main targets of engineering management informatization. How to lower the organization collaboration cost in project management and how to support effective collaboration among different areas, organizations and departments in the ways of technology and management are major goals in engineering management informatization. In the phase of project operation, project owners, partners and customers are the stakeholders of engineering management informatization. Through the case of airport management informatization, inherited and innovation of engineering management informatization will be discussed. It is illustrated that airport informatization is the innovation of business model and technology applications through the analysis and study on cases of airport informatization.

关键词： engineering management informatization inter-organizational relationship management creation resource sharing

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Innate immune responses in RNA viral infection

Qian Xu, Yuting Tang, Gang Huang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 333-346 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0776-7

摘要： RNA viruses cause a multitude of human diseases, including several pandemic events in the past century. Upon viral invasion, the innate immune system responds rapidly and plays a key role in activating the adaptive immune system. In the innate immune system, the interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and host pattern recognition receptors activate multiple signaling pathways in immune cells and induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons to elicit antiviral responses. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are the principal innate immune components that exert antiviral activities. In this review, the current understanding of innate immunity contributing to the restriction of RNA viral infections was briefly summarized. Besides the main role of immune cells in combating viral infection, the intercellular transfer of pathogen and host-derived materials and their epigenetic and metabolic interactions associated with innate immunity was discussed. This knowledge provides an enhanced understanding of the innate immune response to RNA viral infections in general and aids in the preparation for the existing and next emerging viral infections.

关键词： innate immune viral infection intercellular signaling metabolic changes epigenetic changes

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Epigenetic dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: focus on polycomb group proteins

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 231-241 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0253-7

摘要：

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development is characterized by the presence of epigenetic alterations, including promoter DNA hypermethylation and post-translational modifications of histone, which profoundly affect expression of a wide repertoire of genes critical for cancer development. Emerging data suggest that deregulation of polycomb group (PcG) proteins, which are key chromatin modifiers repressing gene transcription during developmental stage, plays a causative role in oncogenesis. PcG proteins assemble into polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to impose the histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) modification for repression. In this review, we will first recapitulate the mechanisms of two key epigenetic pathways: DNA methylation and histone modifications. Specifically, we will focus our discussion on the molecular roles of PcG proteins. Next, we will highlight recent findings on PcG proteins, their clinicopathological implication and their downstream molecular consequence in hepatocarcinogenesis. Last but not least, we will consider the therapeutic potential of targeting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as a possible treatment for HCC. Improving our understanding on the roles of PcG proteins in hepatocarcinogenesis can benefit the development of epigenetic-based therapy.

关键词： liver cancer epigenetics histone modifications polycomb group proteins enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)

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The genetic regulation of skeletal muscle development: insights from chicken studies

Wen LUO, Bahareldin A. ABDALLA, Qinghua NIE, Xiquan ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 295-304 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017159

摘要： Skeletal muscle development is a complex multi-process trait regulated by various genetic factors. The chicken embryo is an ideal model system for studying skeletal muscle development. However, only a small proportion of the genetic factors affecting skeletal muscle development have been identified in chicken. The aim of this review is to summarize recent knowledge about the genetic factors involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle development in the chicken, such as gene polymorphisms, epigenetic modification, noncoding RNAs and transcription factors, which can influence skeletal muscle development at the genome, epigenome, transcriptome and proteome levels. Research on the regulation of skeletal muscle development in chicken is not yet comprehensive and most of the candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms related to chicken muscle growth remain to be verified in experimental studies. In addition, the data derived from transcriptome sequencing and genome-wide association studies still require further investigation and analysis and comprehensive studies on the regulation of chicken skeletal muscle development will continue as a major research focus.

关键词： chicken epigenetic modification miRNAs skeletal muscle development SNP transcription factor

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工程管理信息化的继承与创新

孙凯,刘人怀

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第11期页码 12-18

摘要：

在工程的全生命周期中，工程运营阶段的历时最长、成本投入最大，且是工程效益体现的主要环节。在工程运营阶段的成本投入中，能源、人力资源及设备更新占了很大的比重，对这些成本的有效控制，是信息化实现的重要目标之一；在工程运营阶段，工程管理机构与客户及合作伙伴共同构成信息化的主体，工程利益相关者的有效协作是信息化成功的关键所在，本文以机场信息化为例，对工程管理信息化的继承与创新进行了探讨。

关键词：工程管理信息化组织协作管理创新资源共享

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Determination of heterozygosity for avirulence/virulence loci through sexual hybridization of

Yuan TIAN,Gangming ZHAN,Xia LU,Jie ZHAO,Lili HUANG,Zhensheng KANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第1期页码 48-58 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016114

摘要： Wheat stripe rust caused by f. sp. is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat worldwide and resistant cultivars are vital for its management. Therefore, investigating the heterozygosity of the pathogen is important because of rapid virulence changes in isolates heterozygous for avirulence/virulence. An isolate of f. sp. was selfed on to determine the heterozygosity for avirulence/virulence loci. One hundred and twenty progeny isolates obtained from this selfing were phenotyped using 25 lines of wheat containing genes and genotyped with 96 simple sequencing repeat markers, with 51 pathotypes and 55 multi-locus genotypes being identified. All of these were avirulent on lines with , , , and and virulent on lines with , and , indicating that the parental isolate was homozygously avirulent or homozygously virulent for these loci. Segregation was found for wheat lines with , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . The 17 cultivars to which the was identified as heterozygous with respect to virulence/avirulence should not be given priority in breeding programs to obtain new resistant cultivars.

关键词： Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici selfing heterozygosity virulence inheritance